Bookbinding



J. M. MYERS.

BOOKBINDING.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 3,1915- '1,341,575, Patented May 25, 1920.

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E I I In Ven tor:

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W n t W l id l lilo re L ill. item is;

JOHN M. MYERS,

BOUKBINDING.

manure.

Application filed March 3, P15.

panying drawings, forming a part of the.

same.

T his invention relates to the art of bookbiuding, and the inventioncomprises a method wherein sheets from a loose-leaf temporary hinder orother sheets are bound in a back or clamping means of metal or othersuitable material and the bound sheets then secured in a cover bysecuring the metal back to the back piece of the cover; and devices ormeans constructed and adapted for use in practising said method, and theresulting or complete article.

Among the ob ects of the invention may he noted the provision oi? animproved method oi and means for binding perinanentlv any iilesirednumber or? sheets of the so -called loose-leat type in such manner thatany attempt to remove or insert leaves may be detected, notwithstandingthe fact the t in certain embodiments of the invention the covers andback of the book or hinder a v be re ewed or r paired at will; the pro-"msnon of a method o nd means for bindin sheets \vlurreby the we areaoi? the p is inininuzzcd without sacrificing either security or mocha;al istren gtli; the provision of a method and such that a suhsti cansfor ljniiding sheets iully tull opening 0" boi'uid volume is pt tted togive ucciss to substz'zntially the entire sheet and such that when theheel: is open the sh vets lie sub stantially flat throughout almosttieir entire len 'thq and provision of a book bind- 511,; 311 which ereincorporated some or all of the above -n ion tione features. 7

Zltlflr objects w' i be in part obvious from the annened drawm and inpart indicated in connection therewii i by the following description ofthis-invention.

Tl invention accordingly consists in the method and the features ofconstruction, arrangement and combinations of parts as hereinafterdescribed and specifically set forth in the claims.

1, til-A Specification of Letters Pa tent.

O13 "JVOODGLIFF LAKE, NEW JERSEY.

Patented May 25, 1920.

Serial No. 11,714.

A full understanding of the invention can best be given by a detaileddescription in connection ith dra ings illustrating an approved form ofbinding embodying the apparatus features of the such a description willnow be given in connection with the accompanying drawings, in whichFigure l is a perspective of a metal backplate, with certain partssecured thereto;

Fig. 2 is a transverse section on the line 2-2 of Fig. l;

Fig. 3 13 a longitudinal section on the line 3--i of Fig. 1;

Fig. iis a oerspective of a preferred form of rivet;

Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation of a completed binding withpart of thebook broken away; and

Fig. 6 is an end elevation of the bound book, partly broken away.

In order that the various features of this invention may be readilyunderstood in their relation. to the prior-art, it may be noted that formany years there has been a demand for means for binding togetherpermanently sheets from loose leat binders, preserving); the exact orderof the in the binding, and providing for detection of any unauthorizedtampering with the sheets. Such permanent binders are useful,

for example, in binding for g iernianent reference a series of sheets orleaves which for ,CODVQIUGHCG have been kept in a temporary should be sodesigned and proportioned as to preclude the possibility of theunauthorized removal of sheets from the binder or other changes in thecomposition or arrangement of sheets without detection; and it isdesirable that the side covers and back piece of the cover bereplaceable without the necessity of disturbing the permanent relationinvention, and

'the binder with its contained sheets or leaves without sacrificing thepermanent construction of the sheet-securing devices.

As will be pointed out hereinafter, the method and apparatus or articleof the present invention embody the above advantages, as well as otherdesirable features which will be obvious from the followingconsideration of the method and structure found preferable in actualpractice.

'Referring now more particularly to the 'drawings there is illustratedat 1 a metal sheet holding back or binding piece whose lengthapproximates the height of the leaves or sheets 2 to be bound which areshown in Figs. 5 and 6. This metal binding piece comprises atransversely curved central portion 3, to the concave side of which maybe riveted or otherwise secured the threaded holding members or nuts 4and the closures 5 hereinafter more fully described. The longitudinaledges of the binding piece 1 are flanged as at 6, and these flanges 6are perforated at suitable intervals as indicated at 7, 7, to receiverivets 8 passing through a counter-sunk aperture 7 in one flange, thenthrough perforations in the sheets 2 and finally through the adjacentaperture 7 in the other flange. The longitudinal edges of the flangesare beveled as indicated in Fig. 2,

. to'avoid cutting the adjacent sheets in assembling and in the use ofthe bound volume; As indicated in Fig. 2, the metal binding piece 1, asconstructed has its flanges 6 diverging, and the piece is best -made ofa metal of small elasticity such as I aluminum. When the sheet holdingback or binding piece is to be applied to a set of sheets 2, the sheetsare firstperforated, if

not already perforatech in order that'the rivets 8 may pass readilytherethrough; the sheets may also be trimmed, and the outer edge of theset of sheets mayif desired be concaved as is customary in book-binding.The binding piece 1 is then fitted against the binding edge of thesheets, with the aper- "tures 7 registering with the perforations in theleaves 2. Next the flanges are pressed 'and bent together until theyareapproxr mately parallel toeach other and press inwardly against theleaves. Then a rivet 8 is passed through each of the registeringapertures in the flanges and leaves. One end of each rlvet has beenpreviously headed as at 9; the other end of each rivet may now beflattened or otherwise deformed to hold of a sheet or insertion of a newsheet, or any change in the arrangement of the leaves-will obviouslyinvolve either the tearing of the leaves themselves or the mutilation ofevery one of the rivets 8, of which there are usually from two to fouraccording to the size of the sheets and the mechanical strengthrequired. And it will be noted that this permanence is attained by theuse of the metal piece 1 and rivets 8 alone, whether or not theseseveral parts are mounted in a cover as hereinafter indicated. It shouldbe noted that features of the present inven tion are likewise applicableto devices in which a temporary locking of the sheets in the metal backis desired, and in such case, the rivets would be replaced by threadedposts or other suitable devices.

Ordinarily, the sheets so bound in the metal sheet holding back orbinding piece will be mounted in a cover, to reduce the wear and tear onthe leaves during handling and to facilitate the filing of the boundvolumes with the leaves horizontal or vertical as may be foundpreferable. In other words, the structure thus far described provides apermanent binder, inexpensive, light, and durable; but it will usuallybe found preferable to utilize said structure in connection with a backcover and side covers of the materials used by book-binders, in orderthat the leaves may withstand the rough handling given to permanentrecords that are continually used for reference purers-board. A; layer14 of canvas or other suitable. material extends covers 12 and 13 andover the inside'of the from the two back 11 so that it will be betweenthe body of the back 11 and the metal binding piece 1, said canvasserving to join together the back of the book and the side covers 12 and18 thereof. On the outside of the back and cover elements 11, 12, 13, isprovided a covering layer 15 ofleather such as sheep-skin or-otherdesired material to serve the double purpose of improving the appearanceof the book, and, with the layer 14, of holding the covers flexibly tothe back. For additional strength an inner layer 16 of leather or canvasextending from the side covers about the back 11 may also be provided;and a stiffening piece or spring piece 17 of, for example, severallayers of paper glued together such as is commonly used in heavy leatherbindings is provided so that the bending or hinge line will be back nearthe edge of the back 11. From Figs. 5 and G With the construction thusfar disclosed,

there would be left exposed to dust and dirt a portion of the bookbetween the leaves 2 and the concave binding piece 1. This space ispreferably closed at the top and bottom of the book, by means of theclosures 5 hereinbefore described as being riveted to the inner orconcave side of the binding piece 1. The closures 5 are located one ateach end of the binding piece, and as shown are of sheet metal shaped toconform to and to overlap the curved ends of the binding piece on theone side, and to bear against the edges of the leaves 2 on the otherside. Each closure has an inward extension or shank 18 by which theclosure is carried and the inner end of which is secured to the metalback as by being riveted to one of the holding members or nuts 41. Theclosure will thus be free to move transversely to the back so that whenthe bound sheets with the metal binding piece are secured in the coverthe closures will press tightly against the edges of the sheets and alsoagainst the inner surir'ace of the back of the cover, thus tightlyclosing the space between the sheets and the concave binding piece.

Reference to Fig. 5 will show that when the covers of the book are swungapart in opening the book, the covers separate from the leaves at apoint between the back of the cover and the edge of the flange 6. Thisinsures a maximum useful surface of the leaves themselves by minimizingthe waste area of the leaves due to the binding con struction: that is,there is necessarily a certain width of each leaf unavailable for writing or reading, and this waste portion of the leaf extends from thebinding edge to a point somewhat beyond the rivets 8. If the back of thebook were rigid to a point beyond the edge of the holding flange 6,there would be a further waste portion of the sheet width; but byproviding a construction in which the side covers swing open at a pointbetween the rigid cover back 11 and the edge of the sheet clampingmeans, there is no leaf-area wasted other than the amount needed toallow the clamping means a firm hold upon the sheets and the sheets maybe opened substantially flat over the greater part of their area. Theadvantages of this arrangement, over certain prior-art structures inwhich the waste area due to binding is increased by thecover-construction, will be apparent from a comparative examination ofthe several devices, without further elaboration here.

In attaching the binders-board back 11 to the binding piece 1, screws 19may be used, extending through counter sunk holes in the board back,through the binding piece, and into the threaded apertures in theholding-members i. If the binding piece is of a material strong enoughto withstand the strain of the screw-threads, the holding members 4 maybe omitted, but it has been found preferable to make the metal bearingpiece 1 comparatively thin and of a lightweight material such as sheetaluminum, so that it does not have the desired mechanical strength forretaining the screws 19 in place. The heads of the screws 19 may beconcealed as by a strip or strips of leather, such as the covering layer15 which may bear the title of the book.

The method and structure of this invention have been outlined withespecial reference to a permanent binding for loose-leaf sheets. It willbe apparent, however, that the invention is equally applicable to abinder for sheets that have not been first used in a loose-leaf system;and in fact, many if not all of the advantageous features of thisinvention will be attained in binding sheets of any type, and inboolebinding generally.

What is claimed is:

1. The method of binding sheets which comprises inserting the back edgesof a set of sheets between the flanges of a metal binding piece havingoutwardly flaring side flanges, pressing and bending said flanges towardand against the sheets to clamp the sheets together, passing rivetsthrough said 3. A book having a binding comprising in combination ametal sheet-holding back flanged longitudinally, said back extendingover the binding edge of a set of sheets, means for securing the sheetspermanently in said sheet-holding back, an outside cover comprising abinders-board back and a side cover hinged thereto, means for securingthe back of the outside cover to the sheetholding back and means forrendering said. securing means inaccessible after the book is completedwithout mutilating the book.

1. A binding comprising in combination means for holding togetherpermanently a set of sheets, a board-back cone ved toward the sheets,means for securing the back to said first means, and closures mountedupon said first means for closing the spaces at the top and bottom ofthe book between the back and the bound edges of the sheets.

5. A book having a binding comprising in combination a metalsheet-holding back formed with flanges extending longitudi' nally, saidback having between the flanges the binding edge of a set of sheets andbeing concaved in the direction of the sheets thus received, means forpermanently securing the sheets between the flanges of the sheetholdingback with the flanges pressing against the sheets, a cover-back ofsuitable material, means for securing the cover-back to. thesheet-holding back, and side covers hinged to said cover backindependently of the sheet-holding back.

6. A book having binding comprising in combination means for permanentlyholding together a set of sheets, a rigid back concaved toward thesheets, means comprising screws for securing the back to said firstmeans, and means comprising a sheet of material pasted over the heads ofthe screws to conceal them and prevent undetected tampering with saidscrews.

7. A book having a binding comprising in combination a metal sheetholding back flanged to receive a set of sheets between the flangedportions and concaved toward the sheets thus received, rivets passingthrough perforations in sald flanged portions and through registeringperforations in the sheets and upset or deformed to secure the sheetspermanently to the metal back, and

closures for closing the spacesbetween the bound edges of the sheets andthe concave part of the metal back at the top and bottom of the sheets.

8. A. book havlng a bmding comprising in combination a metal sheetholding back.

flanged to receive a set of sheets between the flanged portions andconcaved toward the sheets thus received, rivets passing throughperforations in said flanged portions and through. registeringperforations in the sheets .and upset or deformed to secure the shoe spermanently to the metal back, and closures for closing the spacesbetween the hound edges of the sheets and the concave part of the metalback at the top flanged portions and concaved toward the sheets thusreceived, means for holding said flanged portions unyieldingly againstthe sheets and for holding the sheets in the metal back, a covercomprising a back piece and side covers extending therefrom, the backpiece of the cover being secured to said sheetholding back, and endclosures secured to said sheet-holding back and formed to press againstthe bound edges of the sheets and against the inner surface of said backpiece.

10. A book having a binding comprising in combination a gripping devicepositively securing together a set of sheets, a back removably fastenedto the gripping device and terminating at a line back of the forwardlimits of the gripping device, and side covers each hinged-to said backto swing about a pivotal line behind the forward edges of the grippingdevice.

11. A book having a binding comprising in combination a metal bindingpiece provided with flanges which extend over the binding edge of thesheets, means comprising members extending through the sheets andthrough said flanges and holding the flanges pressed against the sheetsto secure the sheets together andto said binding piece, a back securedto the binding piece between its flanges, and side covers hinged to theback to open and shut about lines between the bound edges of the sheetsand the edges of the flanges.

12. A book having a binding comprising in combination a rigid bindingpiece formed with flanges extending longitudinally, said binding piecehaving a set of sheets between the flanges, holding members passingthrough perforations in the sheets and through registering perforationsin said flanges to secure the sheets together and to the binding piece,a rigid back secured to the binding piece, and side covers hinged tosaid rigid back, said back and side covers being detachable from saidbinding piece and the sheets locked therein.

' 13. A binding back formed of a sheet of stiff, bendable and relativelynon-elastic metal shaped with edge flanges forming clamping members,said flanges diverging to permit the edges" of the leaves to be bound tobe inserted between them and being adapted to be pressed and bent towardeach other to clamp the sheets between them, and said flanges havingregistering openings therein to receive holding members to be passedthrough the sheets and to have holding engagement with the flanges.

14. A binding back formed of a sheet of metal shaped with edge flangesforming clamping members, said flanges diverging to permit the edges ofthe leaves to be bound to be inserted between them and being adapted tobe pressed and bent toward each said 'Iihmges having registeringopenings therein to receive holding members to be passed through thesheets and to have holding engagement with the flanges, the longitudinaledges of said flanges being beveled outwardly to avoid cutting thesheets against which they bear.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand 1n the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

J OHN M. MYERS. Witnesses:

A. L. KENT, PAUL H. FRANKE.

